Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a bloodborne virus that primarily infects the liver, leading to chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and potentially liver cancer. It is estimated that about 71 million people worldwide are living with chronic HCV infection. The virus is typically transmitted through exposure to contaminated blood, such as through injection drug use, unsafe medical practices, or transfusion of unscreened blood products. Research into HCV focuses on developing effective treatments, understanding the mechanisms of viral replication and infection, and developing preventive strategies such as vaccines. Treatment for HCV has advanced significantly in recent years with the development of direct-acting antiviral drugs that can cure the infection in most cases. However, challenges remain in reaching all those infected with the virus, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Overall, research on hepatitis C virus aims to improve our understanding of the virus, develop better treatments, and ultimately eliminate HCV as a public health threat.